A vapor-open finish that can show salts and moisture while tolerating movement differently from cement.
What changes first
Look for powdering, staining and fine movement cracks. The pattern and location usually matter more than color alone.
Moisture and movement behavior
Record whether the material changes after rain, water use, heating cycles or seasonal humidity. A material can display the damage while the source is somewhere else.
Before repair
Determine whether the material is the source, a pathway or only the final surface. Correct the controlling condition before replacing finishes.